Correlation of Ohio’s K-12 Benchmarks and Grade-Level Indicators
MATH
3 - 4


Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard
Measurement Standard
Geometry and Spatial Sense Standard
Patterns, Functions and Algebra Standard
Data Analysis and Probability Standard

  Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

A. Use place value structure of the base-ten number system to read, write, represent and compare whole numbers and decimals.

2.  Use place value concepts to represent whole numbers and decimals using numerals, words, expanded notation and physical models.  For example:                     

a.  Recognize 100 means “10 tens” as well as a single entity (1 hundred) through physical models and trading games

b.  Describe the multiplicative nature of the number system; e.g., the structure of 3205 as 3 x 1000 plus 2 x 100 plus 5 x 1.

c.  Model the size of 1000 in multiple ways; e.g., packaging 1000 objects into 10 boxes of 100, modeling a meter with centimeter and decimeter strips, or gathering 1000 pop-can tabs.

d.  Explain the concept of tenths and hundredths using physical such models, as metric pieces, base ten blocks, decimal squares or money.

3.  Use mathematical language and symbols to compare and order; e.g., less than, greater than, at most, at least, <, >, =, ≤, ≥.

2.  Use place value structure of the base-ten number system to read, write, represent and compare whole numbers through millions and decimals through thousandths.

3.  Round whole numbers to a given place value.

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

B.       Recognize and generate equivalent representations for whole numbers, fractions and decimals.

1.  Identify and generate equivalent forms of whole numbers; e.g., 36, 30+6, 9 x 4, 46-10, number of inches in a yard.

7.  Recognize and use decimal and fraction concepts and notations as related ways of representing parts of a whole or a set; e.g., 3 of 10 marbles are red can also be described as   and 3 tenths are red.

1.       Identify and generate equivalent forms of fractions and decimals.  For example:                   

a.       Connect physical, verbal and symbolic representations of fractions, decimals and whole numbers; e.g., , , “five tenths,” 0.5, shaded rectangles with half, and five tenths.

b.       Understand and explain that ten tenths is the same as one whole in both fraction and decimal form.

C. Represent commonly used fractions and mixed numbers using words and physical models.

5.  Represent fractions and mixed numbers using words, numerals and physical models.

  

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

D. Use models, points of reference and equivalent forms of commonly used fractions to judge the size of fractions and to compare, describe and order them.

3.  Use mathematical language and symbols to compare and order; e.g., less than, greater than, at most, at least, <, >, =, ≤, ≥.

6.  Compare and order commonly used fractions and mixed numbers using number lines, models (such as fraction circles or bars), points of reference (such as more or less than ½ ), and equivalent forms found using physical or visual models.

5. Use models and points of reference to compare commonly used fractions.

E. Recognize and classify numbers as prime or composite and list factors.

  

4. Identify and represent factors and multiples of whole numbers through 100, and classify numbers as prime or composite.

F. Count money and make change using both coins and paper bills.

4. Count money and make change using coins and paper bills to ten dollars.

8. Solve problems involving counting money and making change, using both coins and paper bills.

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

G. Model and use commutative and associative properties for addition and multiplication.

11.   Model and use the commutative and associative properties for addition and multiplication.

  

H. Use relationships between operations, such as subtraction as the inverse of addition and division as the inverse of multiplication.

10. Explain and use relationships between operations, such as:                                          

a.  relate addition and subtraction as inverse operations;

b.  relate multiplication and division as inverse operations;

c.  relate addition to multiplication (repeated addition);

d.  relate subtraction to division (repeated subtraction).

  

I. Demonstrate fluency in multiplication facts with factors through 10 and corresponding divisions.

13.   Demonstrate fluency in multiplication facts through 10 and corresponding division facts.

14.   Demonstrate fluency in adding and subtracting whole numbers and in multiplying and dividing whole numbers by 1- and 2-digit numbers and multiples of ten.

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

J. Estimate the results of whole number computations using a variety of strategies, and judge the reasonableness.

13. Estimate the results of whole number addition and subtraction problems using front-end estimation, and judge the reasonableness of the answers .  (Grade 2)

15.Evaluate the reasonableness of computations based upon operations and the numbers involved; e.g., considering relative size, place value and estimates.

9. Estimate the results of computations involving whole numbers, fractions and decimals, using a variety of strategies.

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

K. Analyze and solve multi-step problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division using whole numbers.

12. Add and subtract whole numbers with and without regrouping.

14. Multiply and divide 2- and 3-digit numbers by a single-digit number, without remainders for division.

8.       Use geometric models to solve problems in other areas of mathematics, such as number (multiplication/division) and measurement (area, perimeter, border). 

      Geometry and Spatial Sense

6. Use associative and distributive properties to simplify and perform computations; e.g., use left to right multiplication and the distributive property to find an exact answer without paper and pencil, such as: 5 x 47 = 5 x 40 + 5 x 7 =   200+35 = 235.

7. Recognize that division may be used to solve different types of problem situations and interpret the meaning of remainders; e.g., situations involving measurement, money.

12. Analyze and solve multi-step problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication and division using an organized approach, and verify and interpret results with respect to the original problem.

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

L. Use a variety of methods and appropriate tools (mental math, paper and pencil, calculators) for computing with whole numbers.

8. Model, represent and explain multiplication; e.g., repeated addition, skip counting, rectangular arrays and area model. For example:                  

a. Use conventional mathematical symbols to write equations for word problems involving multiplication.

b. Understand that, unlike addition and subtraction, the factors in multiplication and division may have different units; e.g., 3 boxes of 5 cookies each.

9. Model, represent and explain division; e.g., sharing equally, repeated subtraction, rectangular arrays and area model. For example:                  

a. Translate contextual situations involving division into conventional mathematical symbols.

b. Explain how a remainder may impact an answer in a real-world situation; e.g., 14 cookies being shared by 4 children.

11. Develop and explain strategies for performing computations mentally.

13. Use a variety of methods and appropriate tools for computing with whole numbers; e.g., mental math, paper and pencil, and calculator.

14. Demonstrate fluency in adding and subtracting whole numbers and in multiplying and dividing whole numbers by 1- and 2-digit numbers and multiples of ten.

Number, Number Sense and Operations Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

M. Add and subtract commonly used fractions with like denominators and decimals, using models and paper and pencil.

  

9. Estimate the results of computations involving whole numbers, fractions and decimals, using a variety of strategies.

10. Use physical models, visual representations, and paper and pencil to add and subtract decimals and commonly used fractions with like denominators.






 









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Measurement Standard

Measurement Standard

Grades 3-4

 

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

A.       Select appropriate units for   

perimeter, area, weight, volume (capacity), time and temperature using:

·    objects of uniform size;

·    U.S. customary units; e.g., mile, square inch, cubic inch, second degree Fahrenheit, and other units as appropriate;

·    metric units; e.g., millimeter, kilometer, square centimeter, kilogram, cubic centimeter, degree Celsius, and other units as appropriate.

1.       Identify and select appropriate units for measuring:

a.     length –  miles, kilometers and other units of measure as appropriate.

b.     volume (capacity) – gallons;

c.     weight – ounces, pounds, grams, or kilograms;

d.     temperature – degrees (Fahrenheit or Celsius).

4.    Read thermometers in both Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.

3.   Identify and select appropriate units to measure:

a.    perimeter – string or links (inches or centimeters).

b.    area – tiles (square inches or square centimeters).

c.    Volume – cubes (cubic inches or cubic centimeters).

B.      Know that the number of units is inversely related to the size of the unit for any item being measured.

  

1.       Relate the number of units to the size of the units used to measure an object; e.g., compare the number of cups to fill a pitcher to the number of quarts to fill the same pitcher.

Measurement Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

C.  Develop common referents for units of measure for length, weight, volume (capacity) and time to make comparisons and estimates.

2.       Establish personal or common referents to include additional units; e.g., a gallon container of milk; a postage stamp is about a square inch.

5.    Estimate and measure length, weight and volume (capacity), using metric and U.S. customary units, accurate to the nearest or unit as appropriate.

2.       Demonstrate and describe perimeter as surrounding and area as covering a two-dimensional shape, and volume as filling a three-dimensional object.

Measurement Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

D.      Identify appropriate tools and apply counting techniques for measuring side lengths, perimeter, and area of squares, rectangles, and simple irregular two-dimensional shapes, volume of rectangular prisms, and time and temperature.

4.    Read thermometers in both Fahrenheit and Celsius scales.

6.    Use appropriate measurement tools and techniques to construct a figure or approximate an amount of specified length, weight or volume (capacity); e.g., construct a rectangle with length inches and width 3 inches, fill a measuring cup to the cup mark.

7.    Make estimates for perimeter, area and volume using links, tiles, cubes and other models.

4.   Develop and use strategies to find perimeter using string or links, area using tiles or a grid, and volume using cubes; e.g., count squares to find area of regular or irregular shapes on a grid, layer cubes in a box to find its volume.

E.      Tell time to the nearest minute.

3.    Tell time to the nearest minute and find elapsed time using a calendar or a clock.

  

Measurement Standard

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4
   

Note: There are  instances where a grade-level indicator is linked to a benchmark for a grade band that does not include the grade level of the indicator.  See Grade 5 (page 9) for indicator 5 and Grade 5 (page 12) for indicator 6.














 

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Geometry and Spatial Sense Standard

Geometry and Spatial Sense

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

  

A.     Provide rationale for groupings and comparisons of two-dimensional figures and three-dimensional objects.

1.       Analyze and describe properties of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects using terms such as vertex, edge, angle, side and face.

3.       Identify similarities and differences of quadrilaterals; e.g., squares, rectangles, parallelograms and trapezoids.

4.       Identify and define triangles based on angle measures (equiangular, right, acute and obtuse triangles) and side lengths (isosceles, equilateral and scalene triangles).

  

B.       Describe and identify points, lines and planes in the environment.

  

5.       Describe points, lines and planes, and identify models in the environment.

  

C.      Describe and identify intersecting, parallel and perpendicular lines or segments in the environment.

  

1.       Identify, describe and model intersecting, parallel and perpendicular lines and line segments; e.g., use straws or other material to model lines.

  

Geometry and Spatial Sense

Grades 3-4

  

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

  

D.     Identify and draw right, obtuse, acute and straight angles.

2.       Identify and describe the relative size of angles with respect to right angles as follows:

a.       Use physical models, like straws, to make different sized angles by opening and closing the sides, not by changing the side lengths.

b.       Identify, classify and draw right, acute, obtuse and straight angles.

    

E.       Use attributes to describe, classify and sketch plane figures and build solid objects.

1.       Analyze and describe properties of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional objects using terms such as vertex, edge, angle, side and face.

5.       Build a three-dimensional model of an object composed of cubes; e.g., construct a model based on an illustration or actual object.

2.       Describe, classify, compare and model two- and three-dimensional objects using their attributes.

  

Geometry and Spatial Sense

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

F.       Develop definitions of classes of shapes.

  

3.       Identify similarities and differences of quadrilaterals; e.g., squares, rectangles, parallelograms and trapezoids.

4.       Identify and define triangles based on angle measures (equiangular, right, acute and obtuse triangles) and side lengths (isosceles, equilateral and scalene triangles).

G.      Find and name locations in coordinate systems.

3.       Find and name locations on a labeled grid or coordinate system; e.g., a map or graph.

6.       Specify locations and plot ordered pairs on a coordinate plane, using first quadrant points.

H.     Identify and describe line and rotational symmetry in two-dimensional shapes and designs.

4.       Draw lines of symmetry to verify symmetrical two-dimensional shapes.

  

I.         Describe, identify and model reflections, rotations and translations, using physical materials.

  

7.       Identify, describe and use reflections (flips), rotations (turns), and translations (slides) in solving geometric problems; e.g., use transformations to determine if 2 shapes are congruent.

Geometry and Spatial Sense

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

J.         Describe a motion or series of transformations that show two shapes are congruent.

  

7.       Identify, describe and use reflections (flips), rotations (turns), and translations (slides) in solving geometric problems; e.g., use transformations to determine if 2 shapes are congruent.
   

Note: There are instances when a grade-level indicator for one standard is linked to a benchmark for a different standard.   See correlations for Number, Number Sense and Operations (page 17)and Measurement (page 13) for indicator 8.

 






 









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Patterns, Functions and Algebra Standard


Patterns, Functions and Algebra

Grades 3-4

 

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

A.       Analyze and extend patterns, and describe the rule in words.

1.   Extend multiplicative and growing patterns, and describe the pattern or rule in words.

2.   Analyze and replicate arithmetic sequences with and without a calculator.

2.       Represent and analyze patterns and functions using words, tables and graphs.  

B.      Use patterns to make predictions, identify relationships, and solve problems.

3.       Use patterns to make predictions, identify relationships, and solve problems.

1.       Use models and words to describe, extend and make generalizations of patterns and relationships occurring in computation, numerical patterns, geometry, graphs and other applications.

C.      Write and solve open sentences and explain strategies.

5.       Write, solve and explain simple mathematical statements, such as 7 + △  > 8  or 

      ∆ + 8 = 10.

6.       Express mathematical relationships as equations and inequalities.

5.       Represent mathematical relationships with equations or inequalities.

Patterns, Functions and Algebra

Grades 3-4

 

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

D.      Represent an unknown quantity as a variable using a symbol, including letters.

  

1.       Represent and analyze patterns and functions using words, tables and graphs.  

E.      Use variables to create and solve equations representing problem situations.

4.       Model problem situations using objects, pictures, tables, numbers, letters and other symbols.

4.       Use rules and variables to describe patterns and other relationships.

F.       Construct and use a table of values to solve problems associated with mathematical relationships.

7.      Create tables to record, organize and analyze data to discover patterns and rules.

3.       Construct a table of values to solve problems associated with a mathematical relationship.

G.      Describe how a change in one variable affects the value of a related variable.

8.       Identify and describe quantitative changes, especially those involving addition and subtraction; e.g., the height of water in a glass becoming 1 centimeter lower each week due to evaporation.

6.       Describe how a change in one variable affects the value of a related variable; e.g., as one increases the other increases or as one increases the other decreases.














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Data Analysis and Probability Standard

Data Analysis & Probability

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

  

A.     Gather and organize data from surveys and classroom experiments, including data collected over a period of time.

1.       Collect and organize data from an experiment, such as recording and classifying observations or measurements, in response to a question posed.

1.       Create a plan for collecting data for a specific purpose.

  

B.       Read and interpret tables, charts, graphs (bar, picture, line, line plot), and timelines as sources of information, identify main idea, draw conclusions, and make predictions.

4.       Support a conclusion or prediction orally and in writing, using information in a table or graph.

5.       Match a set of data with a graphical representation of the data.

7.       Analyze and interpret information represented on a timeline.

2.       Represent and interpret data using tables, bar graphs, line plots and line graphs.

5.       Propose and explain interpretations and predictions based on data displayed in tables, charts and graphs.

  

Data Analysis & Probability

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

C.      Construct charts, tables and graphs to represent data, including picture graphs, bar graphs, line graphs, line plots and simple Venn diagrams.

6.       Translate information freely among charts, tables, line plots, picture graphs and bar graphs; e.g., create a bar graph from the information in a chart.

2.       Represent and interpret data using tables, bar graphs, line plots and line graphs.

3.       Interpret and construct Venn diagrams to sort and describe data.

4.       Compare different representations of the same data to evaluate how well each representation shows important aspects of the data, and identify appropriate ways to display the data.

D.     Read, interpret and construct graphs in which icons represent more than a single unit or intervals greater than one; e.g., each b = 10 bicycles or the intervals on an axis are multiples of 10.

2.       Draw and interpret picture graphs in which a symbol or picture represents more than one object.

3.       Read, interpret and construct bar graphs with intervals greater than one.

  

Data Analysis & Probability

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

E.       Describe data using mode, median and range.

8.       Identify the mode of a data set and describe the information it gives about a data set.

6.       Describe the characteristics of a set of data based on a graphical representation, such as range of the data, clumps of data, and holes in the data.

7.       Identify the median of a set of data and describe what it indicates about the data.

8.       Use range, median and mode to make comparisons among related sets of data.

Data Analysis & Probability

Grades 3-4

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

F.       Conduct a simple probability experiment and draw conclusions about the likelihood of possible outcomes.

9.       Conduct a simple experiment or simulation of a simple event, record the results in a chart, table or graph, and use the results to draw conclusions about the likelihood of possible outcomes.

9.       Conduct simple probability experiments and draw conclusions from the results; e.g., rolling number cubes or drawing marbles from a bag.

10.   Represent the likelihood of possible outcomes for chance situations; e.g., probability of selecting a red marble from a bag containing 3 red and 5 white marbles.

11.   Relate the concepts of impossible and certain-to-happen events to the numerical values of 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain).

12.   Place events in order of likelihood and use a diagram or appropriate language to compare the chance of each event occurring; e.g. impossible, unlikely, equal, likely, certain.

Data Analysis & Probability

Grades 3-4

  

Ohio Benchmarks

Grades 3-4

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 3

 

Grade-Level Indicators

Grade 4

  

G.      Identify and represent possible outcomes, such as arrangements of a set of up to four members and possible combinations from several sets, each containing 2 or 3 members.

10.   Use physical models, pictures, diagrams and lists to solve problems involving possible arrangements or combinations of two to four objects.

13.   List and count all possible combinations using one member from each of several sets, each containing 2 or 3 members; e.g., the number of possible outfits from 3 shirts, 2 shorts, and 2 pairs of shoes.

  

H.     Use the set of possible outcomes to describe and predict events.

  

10.   Represent the likelihood of possible outcomes for chance situations; e.g., probability of selecting a red marble from a bag containing 3 red and 5 white marbles.

11.   Relate the concepts of impossible and certain-to-happen events to the numerical values of 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain).

  















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 K -2 Science 3 -5  Science
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