History Standard

History Standard

Students use materials drawn from the diversity of human experience to analyze and interpret significant events, patterns and themes in the history of Ohio, the United States and the world.

Benchmark A. Construct time lines to demonstrate an understanding of units of time and chronological order.
Chronology
1. Construct time lines with evenly spaced intervals for years, decades and centuries to show the order of significant events in Ohio history.
Benchmark B. Describe the cultural patterns that are evident in North America today as a result of exploration, colonization and conflict.
Settlement
2. Describe the earliest settlements in Ohio including those of prehistoric peoples.
3. Explain the causes and effects of the frontier wars of the 1790s, including the Battle of Fallen Timbers, on American Indians in Ohio and the United States.
Benchmark C. Explain how new developments led to the growth of the United States.
Growth
4. Explain how Ohio progressed from territory to statehood, including the terms of the Northwest Ordinance.
5. Explain how canals and railroads changed settlement patterns in Ohio and Ohio’s economic and political status in the United States.
6. Explain the importance of inventors such as the Wright Brothers, Charles Kettering, Garrett Morgan, Granville Woods and Thomas Edison.

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People in Societies Standard

People in Societies Standard

Students use knowledge of perspectives, practices and products of cultural, ethnic and social groups to analyze the impact of their commonality and diversity within local, national, regional and global settings.

A. Compare practices and products of North American cultural groups.
Cultures
1. Describe the cultural practices and products of various groups who have settled in Ohio over time
a. The Paleo Indians, Archaic Indians, Woodland Indians (Adena and Hopewell) and Late Prehistoric Indians (Fort Ancient)
b. Historic Indians of Ohio (Ottawa, Wyandot, Mingo, Miami, Shawnee and Delaware)
c. European immigrants
d. Amish and Appalachian populations
e. African-Americans
f. Recent immigrants from Africa, Asia and Latin America
B. Explain the reasons people from various cultural groups came to North America and the consequences of their interactions with each other.
Interaction
2. Describe the impact of the expansion of European settlements on American Indians in Ohio.
3. Explain the reasons people came to Ohio including
a. Opportunities in agriculture, mining and manufacturing
b. Family ties
c. Freedom from political and religious oppression

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Geography Standard

Geography Standard

Students use knowledge of geographic locations, patterns and processes to show the interrelationship between the physical environment and human activity, and to explain the interactions that occur in an increasingly interdependent world.

Benchmark A. Use map elements or coordinates to locate physical and human features of North America.
Location
1. Use a linear scale to measure the distance between places on a map.
2. Use cardinal and intermediate directions to describe the relative location of places.
3. Describe the location of Ohio relative to other states and countries.
4. Use maps to identify the location of major physical and human features of Ohio including
a. Lake Erie
b. Rivers
c. Plains
d. The Appalachian Plateau
e. Bordering states
f. The capital city
g. Other major cities
Benchmark B. Identify the physical and human characteristics of places and regions in North America.
Places and Regions
5. Describe and compare the landforms, climates, population, vegetation and economic characteristics of places and regions in Ohio.
6. Identify manufacturing, agricultural, mining and forestry regions in Ohio.
7. Explain how resources, transportation and location influenced the development of cities and industries in Ohio including major industries such as oil, steel, rubber and glass.
Benchmark C. Identify and explain ways people have affected the physical environment of North America and analyze the positive and negative consequences.B
Human Environmental Interaction
8. Identify how environmental processes (i.e., glaciation and weathering) and characteristics (landforms, bodies of water, climate, vegetation) influence human settlement and activity in Ohio.
9. Identify ways that people have affected the physical environment of Ohio including
a. Use of wetlands
b. Use of forests
c. Building farms, towns and transportation systems
d. Using fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides
e. Building dams
Benchmark D. Analyze ways that transportation and communication relate to patterns of settlement and economic activity.
Movement
10. Use elevation, natural resource and road maps to answer questions about patterns of settlement, economic activity and movement.

Economics Standard

Students use economic reasoning skills and knowledge of major economic concepts, issues and systems in order to make informed choices as producers, consumers, savers, investors, workers and citizens in an interdependent world.

Benchmark A. Explain the opportunity costs involved in the allocation of scarce productive resources.
Scarcity and Resource Allocation
1. Identify the productive resources needed to produce a good or service and suggest opportunity costs for the resources involved.
2. Explain how the availability of productive resources in Ohio promotes specialization in the production of goods and services and leads to trade.
Benchmark B. Explain why entrepreneurship, capital goods, technology, specialization and division of labor are important in the production of goods and services.
Production, Distribution and Consumption
3. Explain how entrepreneurs organize productive resources to produce goods and services and that they seek to make profits by taking risks.
Benchmark C. Explain how competition affects producers and consumers in a market economy and why specialization facilitates trade.
Markets
4. Explain ways in which individuals and households obtain and use income.
5. Explain why people in Ohio specialize in what they produce and then trade with others, which then increases the amount of goods and services available.
6. Explain why many jobs in Ohio depend on markets in other countries and why Ohio is a market for goods and services from other countries.

Government Standard

Students use knowledge of the purposes, structures and processes of political systems at the local, state, national and international levels in order to understand that people create systems of government as structures of power and authority to provide order, maintain stability and promote the general welfare.

Benchmark A. Identify the responsibilities of the branches of the U.S. government and explain why they are necessary.
Role of Government
1. Explain major responsibilities of each of the three branches of government in Ohio
a. The legislative branch, headed by the General Assembly, makes state laws
b. The executive branch, headed by the governor, carries out and enforces laws made by the General Assembly
c. The judicial branch, headed by the Ohio Supreme Court, interprets and applies the law
2. Explain why elections are used to select leaders and decide issues.
Benchmark B. Give examples of documents that specify the structure of state and national governments in the United States and explain how these documents foster self-government in a democracy.
Rules and Laws
3. Explain the purpose of a democratic constitution
a. To provide a framework for a government
b. To limit the power of government
c. To define the authority of elected officials
4. Explain that the Ohio Constitution tells how the state government should be organized and guarantees the rights of individuals.

Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities Standard

Students use knowledge of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship in order to examine and evaluate civic ideals and to participate in community life and the American democratic system.

Benchmark A. Explain how citizens take part in civic life in order to promote the common good.
Participation
1. Describe the ways in which citizens can promote the common good and influence their government including
a. Voting
b. Communicating with officials
c. Participating in civic and service organizations
d. Performing voluntary service
Benchmark B. Identify rights and responsibilities of citizenship in the United States that are important for preserving democratic government.
Rights and Responsibilities
2. Explain why personal responsibilities (e.g., taking advantage of the opportunity to be educated) and civic responsibilities (e.g., obeying the law and respecting the rights of others) are important.
3. Explain the importance of leadership and public service.
4. Explain why characteristics such as respect for the rights of others, fairness, reliability, honesty, wisdom and courage are desirable qualities in the people citizens select as their leaders.

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Social Studies Skills and Methods Standard

Students collect, organize, evaluate and synthesize information from multiple sources in order to draw logical conclusions. Students communicate this information using appropriate social studies terminology in oral, written or multimedia form and apply what they have learned to societal issues in simulated or real-world settings.

All of the information on this site is available in pdf and/or Word format at the Ohio Department of Education Web Site at http://www.ode.state.oh.us/