Grade-Level Indicators
SOCIAL STUDIES
Grade Nine
GRADE NINE
History Standard
People in Societies Standard
Geography Standard
Economics Standard
Government Standard
Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities Standard
Social Studies Skills and Methods Standard
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History Standard
Students use materials drawn from the
diversity of human experience to analyze and interpret significant
events, patterns and themes in the history of Ohio, the United States
and the world.
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Enlightenment Ideas 1. Explain how Enlightenment ideas produced enduring effects on political, economic and cultural institutions, including challenges to religious authority, monarchy and absolutism. 2. Explain connections among Enlightenment ideas, the American Revolution, the French Revolution and Latin American wars for independence. Benchmark B. Explain the social, political and economic effects of industrialization. Industrialization 3. Explain the causes and effects of the Industrial Revolution with emphasis on a. How scientific and technological changes promoted industrialization in the textile industry in England b. The impact of the growth of population, rural-to-urban migrations, growth of industrial cities and emigration out of Europe c. The changing role of labor and the rise of the union movement d. Changes in living and working conditions for the early industrial working class, especially women and children e. The growth of industrialization around the world Benchmark C. Analyze the reasons that countries gained control of territory through imperialism and the impact on people living in the territory that was controlled. Imperialism 4. Describe the political, economic and social roots of imperialism. 5. Analyze the perspectives of the colonizers and the colonized concerning a. Indigenous language b. Natural resources c. Labor d. Political systems e. Religion 6. Explain the global impact of imperialism including a. Modernization of Japan b. Political and social reform in China c. Exploitation of African resources Benchmark D. Connect developments related to World War I with the onset of World War II. 20th Century Conflict 7. Analyze the causes and effects of World War I with emphasis on a. Militarism, imperialism, nationalism and alliances b. The global scope, outcomes and human costs of the war c. The role of new technologies and practices including the use of poison gas, trench warfare, machine guns, airplanes, submarines and tanks d. The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations 8. Analyze the causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution including a. The lack of economic, political and social reforms under the tsars b. The impact of World War I c. The emergence of Lenin, Stalin and the Bolsheviks d. The rise of communism in Russia 9. Assess the global impact of post-World War I economic, social and political turmoil including a. Disarmament b. Worldwide depression c. Colonial rebellion d. Rise of militarist and totalitarian states in Europe and Asia 10. Analyze the causes of World War II including a. Appeasement b. Axis expansion c. The role of the Allies Benchmark E. Analyze connections between World War II, the Cold War and contemporary conflicts. 20th Century Conflict 11. Analyze the consequences of World War II including a. Atomic weapons b. Civilian and military losses c. The Holocaust and its impact d. Refugees and poverty e. The United Nations f. The establishment of the state of Israel 12. Analyze the impact of conflicting political and economic ideologies after World War II that resulted in the Cold War including a. Soviet expansion in Eastern Europe b. The division of Germany c. The emergence of NATO and the Warsaw Pact d. The Chinese Communist Revolution 13. Examine social, economic and political struggles resulting from colonialism and imperialism including a. Independence movements in India, Indochina and Africa b. Rise of dictatorships in former colonies 14. Explain the causes and consequences of the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War including a. The arms build-up b. Ethnic unrest in the Soviet Union c. Independence movements in former Soviet satellites d. Global decline of communism 15. Examine regional and ethnic conflict in the post-Cold War era including a. Persistent conflict in the Middle East b. Ethnic strife in Europe, Africa and Asia Benchmark F. Identify major historical patterns in the domestic affairs of the United States during the 20th century and explain their significance. No indicators present for this benchmark. |
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People in Societies Standard
Students use knowledge of perspectives,
practices and products of cultural, ethnic and social groups to analyze
the impact of their commonality and diversity within local, national,
regional and global settings.
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Cultures 1. Analyze examples of how people in different cultures view events from different perspectives including a. Creation of the state of Israel b. Partition of India and Pakistan c. Reunification of Germany d. End of apartheid in South Africa Benchmark B. Analyze the consequences of oppression, discrimination and conflict between cultures. Interaction 2. Analyze the results of political, economic, and social oppression and the violation of human rights including a. The exploitation of indigenous peoples b. The Holocaust and other acts of genocide, including those that have occurred in Armenia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Iraq Benchmark C. Analyze the ways that contacts between people of different cultures result in exchanges of cultural practices. Diffusion 3. Explain how advances in communication and transportation have impacted a. Globalization b. Cooperation and conflict c. The environment d. Collective security e. Popular culture f. Political systems g. Religion |
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Geography Standard
Students use knowledge of geographic
locations, patterns and processes to show the interrelationship between
the physical environment and human activity, and to explain the
interactions that occur in an increasingly interdependent world.
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| Benchmark A. Analyze the cultural,
physical, economic and political characteristics that define regions
and
describe reasons that regions change over time. Places and Regions 1. Interpret data to make comparisons between and among countries and regions including a. Birth rates b. Death rates c. Infant mortality rates d. Education levels e. Per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2. Explain how differing points of view play a role in conflicts over territory and resources. 3. Explain how political and economic conditions, resources, geographic locations and cultures have contributed to cooperation and conflict. Benchmark B. Analyze geographic changes brought about by human activity using appropriate maps and other geographic data. Human Environmental Interaction 4. Explain the causes and consequences of urbanization including economic development, population growth and environmental change. Benchmark C. Analyze the patterns and processes of movement of people, products and ideas. Movement 5. Analyze the social, political, economic and environmental factors that have contributed to human migration now and in the past. |
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Economics Standard
Students use economic reasoning skills
and knowledge
of major economic concepts, issues and systems in order to make
informed
choices as producers, consumers, savers, investors, workers and
citizens
in an interdependent world.
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Markets 1. Describe costs and benefits of trade with regard to a. Standard of living b. Productive capacity c. Usage of productive resources d. Infrastructure 2. Explain how changing methods of production and a country’s productive resources affect how it answers the fundamental economic questions of what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce. 3. Analyze characteristics of traditional, market, command and mixed economies with regard to a. Private property b. Freedom of enterprise c. Competition and consumer choice d. The role of government Benchmark B. Explain how the U.S. government provides public services, redistributes income, regulates economic activity, and promotes economic growth and stability. Government and the Economy 4. Analyze the economic costs and benefits of protectionism, tariffs, quotas and blockades on international trade. |
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Government Standard
Students use knowledge of the purposes,
structures and processes of political systems at the local, state,
national
and international levels in order to understand that people create
systems
of government as structures of power and authority to provide order,
maintain
stability and promote the general welfare.
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No indicators present for this benchmark. Benchmark B. Analyze the differences among various forms of government to determine how power is acquired and used. Systems of Government 1. Explain how various systems of governments acquire, use and justify their power. 2. Analyze the purposes, structures and functions of various systems of government including a. Absolute monarchies b. Constitutional monarchies c. Parliamentary democracies d. Presidential democracies e. Dictatorships f. Theocracies |
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Citizenship Rights and Responsibilities
Standard
Students use knowledge of the rights and
responsibilities of citizenship in order to examine and evaluate civic
ideals and to participate in community life and the American democratic
system.
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Benchmark A. Analyze ways people
achieve
governmental change, including political action, social protest and
revolution.
Participation 1. Analyze and evaluate the influence of various forms of citizen action on public policy including a. The French Revolution b. The international movement to abolish the slave trade and slavery c. The Russian Revolution d. The independence movement in India e. The fall of communism in Europe f. The end of apartheid 2. Describe and compare opportunities for citizen participation under different systems of government including a. Absolute monarchies b. Constitutional monarchies c. Parliamentary democracies d. Presidential democracies e. Dictatorships f. Theocracies 3. Analyze how governments and other groups have used propaganda to influence public opinion and behavior. Benchmark B. Explain how individual rights are relative, not absolute, and describe the balance between individual rights, the rights of others, and the common good. No indicators for this benchmark. |
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Social Studies Skills and Methods Standard
Students collect, organize, evaluate
and synthesize information from multiple sources in order to draw
logical
conclusions. Students communicate this information using appropriate
social
studies terminology in oral, written or multimedia form and apply what
they
have learned to societal issues in simulated or real-world settings.
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Thinking and Organizing 1. Detect bias and propaganda in primary and secondary sources of information. 2. Evaluate the credibility of sources for a. Logical fallacies b. Consistency of arguments c. Unstated assumptions d. Bias 3. Analyze the reliability of sources for a. Accurate use of facts b. Adequate support of statements c. Date of publication Benchmark B. Use data and evidence to support or refute a thesis. Communicating Information 4. Develop and present a research project including a. Collection of data b. Narrowing and refining the topic c. Construction and support of the thesis |
| All of the information on this
site is available in pdf and/or Word format at
the Ohio Department of Education Web Site at http://www.ode.state.oh.us/
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