Alignment of Benchmarks and
Indicators
TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 10
Nature of Technology
Technology and Social Interaction
Technology for Productivity
Applications
Technology and Communication
Applications
Technology and Information
Literacy
Design
Designed World
Students develop an understanding of technology, its characteristics, scope, core concepts* and relationships between technologies and other fields. Students learn that technology extends human potential by allowing people to do things more efficiently than they would otherwise be able to do. Students learn that useful technological development is a product of human knowledge, creativity, invention, innovation, motivation and demand for new products and systems. They learn that the natural and human-made designed worlds are different, and that tools and materials are used to alter the environment. Students learn that the development of emerging technology is exponential, driven by history, design, commercialization, and shaped by creative/inventive thinking, economic factors and cultural influences.*The core concepts of technology include systems, resources, requirements, optimization and trade-offs, processes and controls. Benchmark A: Synthesize information, evaluate and make decisions about technologies. Grade Ten Technology Diffusion 1. Describe how the rate of technological development and diffusion is increasing rapidly (e.g., a computer system chip has been adapted for use in toys and greeting cards). Goal-directed Research 2. Articulate how inventions and innovations are results of specific goal-directed research (e.g., companies have research and development offices to guide new product development). Commercialization of Technology 3. Explain how technological development is influenced by many factors, including profit incentive and market economy. Benchmark B: Apply technological knowledge in decision-making. Grade Ten Optimization and Trade-offs 1. Describe situations in which the selection of resources involves trade-offs between competing values, such as availability, desirability, cost and waste (e.g., use of plastic in manufacturing has many advantages, but may put the environment at risk and deplete natural resources). Benchmark C: Examine the synergy between and among technologies and other fields of study when solving technological problems. Grade Ten Technology Transfer 1. Analyze technology transfer scenarios. Innovation and Invention 2. Describe how technological innovation often results when ideas, knowledge or skills are shared within a technology. 3. Define examples of how technological progress is integral to the advancement of science, mathematics and other fields of study. |
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Standard 2 Technology and Society Interaction |
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Standard 3 Technology for Productivity
Applications
Students learn the operations of technology through the usage of technology and productivity tools. Students use computer and multimedia resources to support their learning. Students understand terminology, communicate technically and select the appropriate technology tool based on their needs. They use technology tools to collaborate, plan and produce a sample product to enhance their learning, and solve problems by investigating, troubleshooting and experimenting using technical resources. Benchmark A: Integrate conceptual knowledge of technology systems in determining practical applications for learning and technical problem-solving. Grade Ten Understanding Operations 1. Examine current and past devices for storing data and predict potential devices for the future. 2. Analyze various types of connectivity, and list pros and cons of each. Problem-solving 3. Apply strategies for identifying and solving routine hardware and software problems that occur during everyday use. Benchmark B: Identify, select and apply appropriate technology tools and resources to produce creative works and to construct technology-enhanced models. Grade Ten Productivity Tools 1. Utilize advanced word processing and desktop publishing features and programs. Communication Tools 2. Use equipment related to computer and multimedia technology imaging (e.g., digitalization, optical character recognition, scanning, computerized microscopes). Problem-solving 3. Identify/recognize state-of-the-art technology tools for solving problems and managing personal/professional information. |
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Standard 4 Technology and
Communication Applications
Students use an array of technologies and apply design concepts to communicate with multiple audiences, acquire and disseminate information and enhance learning. Students acquire and publish information in a variety of media formats. They incorporate communication design principles in their work. They use technology to disseminate information to multiple audiences. Students use telecommunication tools to interact with others. They collaborate in real time with individuals and groups who are located in different schools, communities, states and countries. Students participate in distance education opportunities which expand academic offerings and enhance learning. Benchmark A: Apply appropriate communication design principles in published and presented projects. Grade Ten Electronic Communications 1. Identify and incorporate common organizational techniques used in electronic communication (e.g., cause and effect, compare and contrast, problem and solution strategies). Principles of Design 2. Manipulate communication design elements (image, language, sound and motion) based on intent of the message (e.g., inform or persuade). Accessibility Guidelines 3. Verify accessibility components of the communication product and adapt as needed. Evaluation 4. Compare and contrast the accuracy of the message/communication product with the audience results (e.g., was the audience influenced by inaccurate information?). Benchmark B: Create, publish and present information, utilizing formats appropriate to the content and audience. Grade Ten Publication 1. Publish information in printed and electronic version, and select appropriate publication format (e.g., paper, Web, video). Evaluation 2. Evaluate communication products. Benchmark C: Identify communication needs, select appropriate communication tools and design collaborative interactive projects and activities to communicate with others, incorporating emerging technologies. Grade Ten Use of Communications 1. Contribute to organized e-mail discussions (e.g., discussion list, list serv, threaded discussion list, courseware discussion). 2. Employ online communication capabilities to make inquiries, do research and disseminate results (e.g., develop dialogues on issues in U.S. government). 3. Implement online-structured learning experiences (e.g., tutorials, virtual classes, industry certification courses). |
| Standard 5 Technology and Information Literacy Students engage in information literacy strategies, use the Internet, technology tools and resources, and apply information-management skills to answer questions and expand knowledge. Students become information-literate learners by utilizing a research process model. They recognize the need for information and define the problem, need or task. Students understand the structure of information systems and apply these concepts in acquiring and managing information. Using technology tools, a variety of resources are identified, accessed and evaluated. Relevant information is selected, analyzed and synthesized to generate a finished product. Students evaluate their information process and product. Benchmark A: Determine and apply an evaluative process to all information sources chosen for a project. Grade Ten Evaluating Sources 1. Examine information for its accuracy and relevance to an information need (e.g., for a report on pollution, find information from sources that have correct and current information related to the topic). 2. Identify relevant facts, check facts for accuracy and record appropriate information (e.g., follow a standard procedure to check information sources used in a paper). 3. Create a bibliography of sources in an electronic format. 4. Select appropriate information on two sides of an issue (e.g., identify the author of each information source and their expertise and/or bias). Benchmark B: Apply a research process model to conduct research and meet information needs. Grade Ten Decide 1. Select the essential question to be examined by the research. 2. Identify sources most likely to have the needed information and determine subjects and keywords to be used in searching magazine databases and other electronic reference resources. Find 3. Evaluate information and select relevant and pertinent information found in each source, and maintain accurate records of sources used. Use 4. Organize and analyze information, finding connections that lead to a final product. 5. Follow copyright law and guidelines, using standard bibliographic format to list sources. Check 6. Assess whether the essential questions are answered, gather more information and data and modify search terms as needed. Edit the product. 7. Review and evaluate research process and the resources used (e.g., how can the research process be improved?). Benchmark C: Formulate advanced search strategies, demonstrating an understanding of the strengths and limitations of the Internet, and evaluate the quality and appropriate use of Internet resources. Grade Ten Search Strategies 1. Construct an effective search strategy to retrieve relevant information through multiple search engines, directories and Internet resources. 2. Narrow or broaden the search strategy by modifying the keywords entered in the original search strategy. 3. Employ a systematic approach to judge the validity of a Web information match against the defined information need (e.g., researching an author through the Web requires finding biographical information plus criticisms of the author's works). Evaluating Sources 4. Examine the information retrieved through Internet searching for authenticity of information, bias, currency, relevance and appropriateness. Benchmark D: Evaluate choices of electronic resources and determine their strengths and limitations. Grade Ten Electronic Resources 1. Choose a topic and identify appropriate electronic resources to use, citing the name and date of the resource database archive collection. 2. Research and critique information in different types of subscription (fee-based) electronic resources to locate information for a curricular need. 3. Investigate tools within electronic resources to generate search strategies (e.g., use a thesaurus to identify subject terms for improved retrieval of information). |
Standard 6 Design Students will apply a number of problem-solving strategies demonstrating the nature of design, the role of engineering and the role of assessment. Students recognize the attributes of design; that it is purposeful, based on requirements, systematic, iterative, creative, and provides solution and alternatives. Students explain critical design factors and/or processes in the development, application and utilization of technology as a key process in problem-solving. Students describe inventors and their inventions, multiple inventions that solve the same problem, and how design has affected their community. They apply and explain the contribution of thinking and procedural steps to create an appropriate design and the process skills required to build a product or system. They critically evaluate a design to address a problem of personal, societal and environmental interests. Students systematically solve a variety of types of problems using different design approaches including troubleshooting, research and development, innovation, invention and experimentation. Benchmark A: Identify and produce a product or system using a design process, evaluate the final solution and communicate the findings. Grade Ten Design Process 1. Solve an inventive problem that contains a technical contradiction (e.g., analyze the technical system, state the technical contradiction and resolve the technical contradiction). 2. Apply common statistical tools to solve problems (e.g., statistical process control). 3. Describe quality and how it is evaluated in a product or system. 4. Select and use simulation in the design process. Technical Contradictions 5. Apply the conceptual and technical principles that underpin design processes (e.g., analyze characteristics of technical systems that affect performance and identify principles that resolve design contradictions). Requirements 6. Discuss how requirements of a design, such as criteria, constraints and efficiency, sometimes compete with each other. Optimization and Trade-offs 7. Identify criteria and constraints for a design problem and determine how these will affect the design process (e.g., factors such as concept generation, development, production, marketing, fiscal matters, use, and disposability of a product or system). Technology Transfer 8. Understand the role of outsourcing in the engineering process and how effective communication is essential. History of Design 9. Describe several systems archetypes and how they explain the behavior of systems. Intellectual Property 10. Describe how trademarks, patents and copyrights are obtained. Benchmark B: Recognize the role of teamwork in engineering design and of prototyping in the design process. Grade Ten Design Process 1. Build a prototype to test a design concept and make actual observations and necessary design adjustments. 2. Design a prototype using quality control measures (e.g., measuring, checking, testing, feedback). Quality Design 3. Evaluate a design using established design principles to collect data on the designs effectiveness, and suggest improvements (e.g., how can bicycles be made safer?). 4. Explain how established design principles are used to evaluate existing designs, collect data and guide the design process. 5. Explain how engineering design is influenced by personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness, and the ability to visualize and think abstractly. 6. Explain how gender-bias, racial-bias and other forms of stereotyping and discrimination can affect communication within an engineering team. Engineering Practice 7. Identify where statistical tools might be used to identify problems in a system. Technical Communication 8. Use multimedia to communicate a design solution between technological systems. Benchmark C: Understand and apply research, development and experimentation to problem-solving. Grade Ten Technical Problem-solving 1. Explain why technological problems must be researched before they can be solved. Redesign 2. Research previous solutions to a technological problem and redesign an alternative solution. Emerging Technology 3. Select and apply emerging technology in consultation with experts, for research, information analysis, problem-solving and decision-making in content learning. Innovation and Invention 4. Categorize inventions in each of the technological systems as one of the five levels of innovation (e.g., apparent or conventional solution, small invention inside paradigm, substantial invention inside technology, invention outside technology, discovery). Technical Communication 5. Use computers, calculators, instruments and devices to access, retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and evaluate data and information in order to communicate to group members (e.g., CAD—computer aided design, software, library resources, the Internet, word processing, CBLs—calculator based labs, laser measuring tools and spreadsheet software). |
| Standard 7 Designed World Students understand how the physical, informational and bio-related technological systems* of the designed world are brought about by the design process. Critical to this will be students' understanding of their role in the designed world: its processes, products, standards, services, history, future, impact, issues and career connections. Students learn that the designed world consists of technological systems* reflecting the modifications that humans have made to the natural world to satisfy their own needs and wants. Students understand how through the design process the resources: materials, tools and machines, information, energy, capital, time and people are used in the development of useful products and systems. Students develop a foundation of knowledge and skills through participation in technically oriented activities for the application of technological systems. Students demonstrate understanding, skills and proficient use of technological tools, machines, instruments, materials and processes across technological systems in unique and/or new contexts. Students identify and assess the historical, cultural, environmental, governmental and economic impacts of technological systems in the designed world. *The technological systems areas include energy and power technologies, transportation technologies, manufacturing technologies, construction technologies, information and communication technologies, medical technologies, agricultural and related biotechnologies. Benchmark A: Classify, demonstrate, examine, and appraise energy and power technologies. Grade Ten System Management 1. Differentiate between open (e.g., irrigation, forced hot air system) and closed (e.g., forced hot water system, hydroponics) fluid systems and their components such as valves, controlling devices and metering devices. 2. Understand that all energy delivery systems need an infrastructure (e.g., identify features of natural gas and gasoline pipeline distribution systems across Ohio). Safety 3. Safely use the tools and processes of energy and power technological systems. Engineering Practice 4. Explain the relationship between resistance, voltage and current (Ohm's Law). Use and Maintain Technological Systems 5. Build energy and power devices using the appropriate technological tools, machines, equipment, materials and technical processes to solve a problem in the community. 6. Identify the source of energy, conversion process, and load in a variety of power systems (e.g., tractor, electrical grid, elevator). 7. Differentiate among conduction, convection, and radiation in a thermal system (e.g., heating and cooling a house, cooking). 8. Identify and explain the components of a circuit including a source, conductor, load and controllers (controllers are switches, relays, diodes, transistors, integrated circuits). Benchmark B: Classify, demonstrate, examine and appraise transportation technologies. Grade Ten System Management 1. Describe how transportation services and methods have led to a population that is regularly on the move. Design Applications 2. Describe the factors that influence the cost of producing technological products and systems in transportation technologies. Benchmark C: Classify demonstrate examine and appraise manufacturing technologies. Grade Ten Use and Maintain Technological Systems 1. Explain the manufacturing processes of casting and molding, forming, separating, conditioning, assembling and finishing. 2. Demonstrate the ability to acquire, store, allocate, and use materials or space efficiently. 3. Identify and investigate modern production technology practices and equipment in manufacturing technologies (e.g., just-in-time, lean production, six-sigma, new automation processes, systems, materials, tools). Design Applications 4. Demonstrate how the interchangeability of parts increases the effectiveness of manufacturing processes (e.g., manufacture a product using interchangeable parts, repair a product using replacement parts). 5. Use marketing to establish a product's viability and identity, conduct research on its potential, advertise it, package it, distribute it and sell it. Benchmark D: Classify, demonstrate, examine and appraise construction technologies. Grade Ten Engineering Practice 1. Identify and explain the engineering properties of materials used in structures (e.g., elasticity, plasticity, thermal conductivity, density). 2. Identify and investigate modern production technology practices and equipment in construction technologies (e.g., new building techniques, materials, tools). Use and Maintain Technological Systems 3. Construct a structure using a variety of processes and procedures (e.g., material use, how it is assembled, and skill level of worker). 4. Describe how structures can include prefabricated materials (e.g., residences, bridges, commercial buildings). 5. Identify and explain the purposes of common tools and measurement devices used in construction (e.g., spirit level, laser transit, framing square, plumb bob, spring scale, tape measure, strain gauge, venturi meter, pitot tube). 6. Demonstrate the ability to acquire, store, allocate, and use materials or space efficiently. Benchmark E: Classify, demonstrate, examine and appraise information and communication technologies. Grade Ten Technical Communication 1. Use multiple ways to communicate information, such as graphic and electronic means (e.g., graphic—printing and photochemical processes; electronic—computers, DVD players, digital audiotapes, MP3 players, cell and satellite phones; multimedia—audio, video, data). 2. Communicate technological knowledge and processes using symbols, measurement, conventions, icons, graphic images and languages that incorporate a variety of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. 3. Identify and explain the applications of light in communications (e.g., reflection, refractions, additive and subtractive color theory). 4. Compare the difference between digital and analog communication devices. Benchmark F: Classify, demonstrate, examine and appraise medical technologies. Grade Ten Understanding Technological Systems 1. Describe how technology has impacted medicine in the areas of prevention, diagnostic, therapeutic treatment and forensics (e.g., medical tools, instruments, materials, monitoring equipment). 2. Describe how medicines and treatments have both positive and negative effects. Safety 3. Safely use the tools and processes of medical technological systems (e.g., virtual dissection software). Benchmark G: Classify, demonstrate, examine and appraise agricultural and related biotechnologies. Grade Ten Understanding Technological Systems 1. Explain the conservation practices of controlling soil erosion, reducing sediment (contamination) in waterways, conserving water, and improving water quality (e.g., terraces as used in gardens and farmland). 2. Grow a plant using both hydroponics and traditional methods and compare the results. Safety 3. Prioritize and apply appropriate safety measures when working with agricultural and related biotechnologies. |
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